Down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat with congenital hydronephrosis

BACKGROUND: Most of our knowledge concerning obstructive uropathy has been derived mainly from surgically manipulated animal models, and the pathogenesis of congenital obstructive hydronephrosis is not fully elucidated. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an important biological modulator with diverse physiological functions, which can be either toxic or protective depending on the situation. NO is synthesized from l-arginine by nitric oxide synthase, and in the kidney iNOS is expressed spontaneously. The aim of our study is to investigate the expression of iNOS protein and its relationship with tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell apoptosis in congenital hydronephrosis. METHODS: We conducted histological studies on 18 kidneys of six-week-old-rats from an inbred colony of congenital hydronephrosis with reference to the histological grading of the affected kidney, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, renal tubular atrophy, and tubular cell apoptosis. Renal transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) level was determined by a sandwich ELISA assay and the expression of iNOS was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS: Most of the hydronephrotic kidneys were markedly enlarged with dilatation of the collecting system, parenchymal thinning, tubular atrophy, interstitial infiltration and fibrosis. Renal TGF-beta1 level was higher in hydronephrotic kidneys than normal control kidneys (364.81 +/- 52.60 vs. 221.19 +/- 22.53 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05). Tubular apoptotic score in hydronephrotic kidneys was also significantly higher than in the normal control kidneys (1.97 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.02/HPF, P < 0.01). The expression of iNOS protein was lower in the affected kidneys compared with the normal control kidneys (8.79 +/- 0.78 vs. 14.00 +/- 0.83 arbitrary unit, P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between iNOS expression and histological grading in congenital hydronephrosis. The iNOS expression also correlated negatively with renal interstitial fibrosis, TGF-beta1 level and tubular cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the down-regulation of iNOS expression in affected kidneys from rats with congenital hydronephrosis, in which the cytoprotective effect of NO may be lost or weakened.     

滤膜法与涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的效果

目的 探讨滤膜法和涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的效果,为选择合适的检测方法提供依据。方法 回顾性收集某三级甲等综合性医院2018年1-12月同时采用滤膜法和涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的结果,对比分析滤膜法和涂抹法检测细菌检出率、单位菌落数、超干预值检出率和微生物合格率。结果 共收集274份血液透析相关用水微生物检测结果,其中透析液131份,反渗水39份,B浓缩液（下简称B液）14份,置换液34份,其他透析用水56份。滤膜法细菌检出率均高于涂抹法,其中透析液、反渗水、置换液、其他透析用水标本使用两种方法的细菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。透析液、B液、其他透析用水标本单位菌落数滤膜法数值上低于涂抹法,但仅其他透析用水标本使用两种方法检测结果单位菌落数差异有统计学意义（t=-3.011,P=0.004）。超干预值检出率其他透析用水滤膜法低于涂抹法,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.596,P=0.010）。置换液、反渗水标本微生物合格率滤膜法数值上低于涂抹法,但仅置换液标本微生物合格率差异有统计学意义（χ²=18.987,P<0.001）。结论 滤膜法检出细菌的能力高于涂抹法,但其在血液透析相关用水微生物检测中存在一定局限性,除用于置换液比较适合外,应用在其余血液透析相关用水微生物的检测效果并不优于涂抹法。     

牛磺酸抑制新生大鼠心肌重塑的体外研究

目的 通过牛磺酸对新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成及对I／Ⅲ型胶原比值的影响，从细胞水平探讨其在体外抑制心肌重塑的作用。方法 在培养的心肌成纤维细胞中加入不同浓度的牛磺酸，用羟脯氨酸法测定胶原量，MTT比色法检测细胞增殖情况，SDS-PAGE电泳测胶原I／Ⅲ型比值。结果 100mmol／L、200mmol／L牛磺酸用药24h和48h及50mmol／L用药72h后能明显抑制心肌成纤维细胞的增殖及胶原的合成，I／Ⅲ型胶原比值明显下降。结论 牛磺酸能通过抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成，降低I／Ⅲ型胶原比值起到抗心肌重塑的作用。     

A high-fat maternal diet decreases adiponectin receptor-1 expression in offspring

In early life, over-nutrition may increase the risk of insulin resistance in the adult stage. Adiponectin and its receptor may play a key role in this process. This study aimed to identify the effect of a high-fat (HF) maternal diet on metabolic parameters and muscle adiponectin signaling in young adult offspring. We found that offspring born to dams fed HF chow (HF; 31% of calories from fat) had elevated body and adipose tissue weight and higher serum glucose levels after glucose challenge at three weeks (W3) and eight weeks (W8) of age. Offspring exposed to a HF diet also had higher serum adiponectin levels at W3 compared to controls. However, adiponectin levels were significantly decreased compared to controls by W8. Adiponectin receptor 1?mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was decreased in the HF group at W3 and W8, and there was no difference between the two groups in adiponectin receptor 2 expression. Furthermore, glucose transporter 4?mRNA and protein expression was decreased in the skeletal muscle of the HF group at W3 and W8. Our results suggest that a HF maternal diet decreases adiponectin receptor 1 expression in the offspring, which could contribute to reduced sensitivity to adiponectin and to adverse nutritional programing outcomes.     

经听觉统合训练改善听觉传导功能的孤独症谱系障碍患儿核心症状的变化分析

目的探究接受听觉统合训练(auditory integration training,AIT)后听觉传导功能障碍得到缓解的孤独症谱系障碍患儿核心症状的改善情况。方法将存在听觉诱发电位异常的ASD患儿分入AIT组(接受训练后恢复正常的组成试验组)、对照组A组(空白对照组)、对照B组(应用行为分析训练组),分别在各组入组时、入组1个月后、入组3个月后进行波特奇发育检核表、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症治疗评定量表(ATEC)评估,以各因子分数的变化值评价核心症状改善水平。结果入组时试验组、对照A组及对照B组CARS[分别为(36.31±4.08)分,(36.33±3.76)分,(36.33±5.14)分]及ATEC语言[分别为(19.08±6.43)分,(16.40±6.42)分,(18.48±5.96)分]、社交[分别为(15.63±7.13)分,(16.05±7.57)分,(16.19±7.19)分]、感知[分别为(16.78±5.39)分,(16.92±6.75)分,(17.12±6.73)分]、自理[分别为(15.98±8.71)分、(17.93±8.22)分、(17.26±8.93)]评分均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。入组1月、3月后,重复测量方差分析显示,试验组、对照B组、对照组A组CARS分值[1月:(33.96±3.79)分,(35.09±4.38)分,(34.30±3.98)分;3月:(32.95±3.15)分,(36.86±3.86)分,(33.95±3.90)分]的影响:时间主效应显著(F=22.308,P<0.01),组别主效应不显著(F=2.647,P>0.05),时间与组别存在交互作用(F=8.626,P<0.01);对ATEC语言[1月:(16.18±7.10)分,(18.62±6.63)分,(13.40±5.44)分;3月:(14.13±6.13)分,(18.40±6.35)分,(10.75±5.17)分]、社交[1月:(12.31±6.68)分,(17.76±6.82)分,(15.08±6.75)分;3月:(10.71±5.42)分,(16.31±6.30)分,(12.15±7.30)分]、感知觉[1月:(14.37±5.86)分,(17.43±7.22)分,(18.58±6.92)分;3月:(10.35±5.43)分,(16.44±7.05)分,(16.68±7.37)分]分量表分值的影响,时间主效应显著(F=35.534,40.729,40.401,均P<0.01),组别主效应亦显著(F=7.600,6.193,7.675,均P<0.01),时间与组别存在交互作用(F=7.602,3.355,7.649,均P<0.05),事后多重比较示:试验组与对照B组、对照A组与对照B组在干预后ATEC语言量表分值差异有统计学意义(I1-J1=-1.69,P1<0.05;I2-J2=-4.98,P2<0.01);试验组与对照A组在干预后ATEC社交量表分值差异有统计学意义(I-J=-4.54,P<0.01);试验组与对照A组、试验组与对照B组在干预后ATEC感知觉量表分值差异有统计学意义(I1-J1=-3.16,P1<0.05;I2-J2=-4.89,P2<0.01);对ATEC自理能力分量表分值影响的时间主效应显著(F=22.876,P<0.01),组别主效应亦显著(F=3.427,P<0.05),时间与组别无交互作用(F=1.885,P>0.05),事后多重比较示:试验组与对照A组在干预后ATEC自理能力量表分值差异有统计学意义(I-J=-4.46,P<0.05)。结论AIT训练后听觉传导功能恢复正常的ASD患儿的核心症状也能得到明显改善。     

Tryptophan 387 and 390 residues in ADAMTS13 are crucial to the ability of vascular tube formation and cell migration of endothelial cells

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) was mainly generated and secreted from endothelial cells (ECs). Our previous study showed that tryptophan (Trp) residues at 387 and 390 in ADAMTS13 are required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. However, the effects on its host cell as well as the potential mechanism have not been clear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Trp residues 387 and 390 of ADAMTS13 on the biological processes of ECs. Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively. We found that substitution mutation impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the downstream JAK1/STAT3 activation, the binding ability to Von Willebrand factor, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation. Overall, our study concluded that Trp³⁸⁷ and Trp³⁹⁰ of ADAMTS13 play vital roles in the biological function of ECs.     

苏州地区儿科门急诊处方超说明书用药现状调研

目的:回顾性调研2015年9月-2016年8月苏州地区某九家医院儿科门急诊处方超说明书用药现状,为制定儿科超说明书用药政策提供基线数据。方法:每月随机抽取苏州地区九家医院儿科门急诊处方200张,判断是否为超说明书用药,并对超说明书用药发生率、超说明书用药类型、年龄段等进行统计分析。结果:苏州地区儿科门急诊处方超说明书用药的发生率为29.87%。超说明书用药类型主要以未提及儿童用药信息(38.44%)和超适应证用药(17.38%)为主;儿科超说明书用药最主要的年龄段为新生儿期(58.69%);超说明书用药最多的药物类别依次为:中成药(38.62%)、抗菌药物(35.26%)和呼吸系统用药(34.12%)。结论:苏州地区儿科门急诊处方超说明书用药现象普遍存在。通过本次调研将有助于全面掌握苏州地区儿童超说明用药的一手资料,依托苏州药学会出台苏州地区儿童超说明书用药共识,以保障苏州地区儿童合理用药。     

晚期早产儿Dubowitz神经学评估法与发育行为结局的关联性研究

目的 初步评价Dubowitz神经学评估法-第2版(The Neurological Assessment of the Preterm and Full-term Newborn Infant-Second Edition)对晚期早产儿发育行为结局的预测效果,为完善晚期早产儿随访体系提供线索。方法 选取2016年10月-2017年3月间在上海市第一妇婴保健院出生的低风险晚期早产儿(34⁺⁰~36⁺⁶孕周)116例组成随访队列,于超早期(生后6 h内)和矫正“足月”(矫正胎龄40孕周)时分别进行Dubowitz神经学评估,矫正6月龄时进行贝利-Ⅲ诊断测试(Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd Edition),采用Pearson相关系数分析Dubowitz神经学评估分数与认知、运动发育商之间的相关性。结果 矫正6月龄时,认知发育商与超早期和矫正“足月”异常体征分数相关(r=0.184和-0.187,P均＜0.05),与矫正“足月”姿势和肌张力、反射两个维度分数相关(r=0.187和0.182,P均＜0.05);运动发育商与超早期姿势和肌张力、异常体征两个维度相关(r=0.201和0.219,P均＜0.05)。结论 Dubowitz神经学评估对晚期早产儿的发育行为结局具有一定的预测价值,值得在更大的人群中进一步研究和应用。